BHUPENDRA SINGH RAGHAV HISTORY/ SOCIAL SCIENCE

1. Analyze the evidence for slavery provided Ibn-Battuta. Ans.  According to Ibn-Battuta – 1. Slaves like any other commodity, were openly sold in the markets. 2. They were also regularly exchanged as gifts. 3. When Ibn-Battuta reached Sindh, he purchased horses, camels and slaves. He wanted to offer them as gifts to sultan Muhammad Bin Tuglaq. 4. When he reached to Multan, he presented salves and horses with almonds and raisins to the Governor of Multan. 5.  Ibn-batuta says that Muhammad bin Tughlaq was so happy with the sermon of a preacher named Nasiruddin that he gave him”ahundred thousand tankas and two hundred slaves. 6. The sultan employed female slaves in his service and also to keep a watch on his nobles. 7. The slaves were also engageChoose the correct option: The European traveller who has given a detailed description of the practice of Sati. a) Jean Baptiste Tavernier b) Manucci c) Francois Bernier d) Roberto Nobili (Chapter 5 : Through the ...

Chapter-1 FROM THE BEGINNING OF TIME Sources to understand early human history Discoveries of   human fossils, stone tools and cave paintings   help us to understand early human history. Each of these discoveries has a history of its own. Fossils   are the remains or impressions of a very old human which have turned into stone.     These are often embedded in rock, and are thus preserved for millions of years . Stone tools   made and used by early humans are available in various parts of Africa and Europe. Stone tools such as pebbles, sharp stones, stone blades etc were used for various purposes in early human life. Paintings   found on the walls of the caves in Europe and Africa are helping us to understand early human history. Most scholars refused to accept that these objects were the remains of early humans. They did not believe the ability of early humans to make stone tools or paint. Because according to Old Testament of t...

"Great Bath" Mohenjo-Daro  8 The "great bath" is without doubt the earliest public water tank in the ancient world. The tank itself measures approximately 12 meters north-south and 7 meters wide, with a maximum depth of 2.4 meters. Two wide staircases lead down into the tank from the north and south and small sockets at the edges of the stairs are thought to have held wooden planks or treads. At the foot of the stairs is a small ledge with a brick edging that extends the entire width of the pool. People coming down the stairs could move along this ledge without actually stepping into the pool itself. The floor of the tank is water tight due to finely fitted bricks laid on edge with gypsum plaster and the side walls were constructed in a similar manner. To make the tank even more water tight, a thick layer of bitumen (natural tar) was laid along the sides of the tank and presumably also beneath the floor. Brick colonnades were discovered on ...

Indus Valley Civilization – History Study Material & Notes Before we begin, Remember: Harappan Civilization is also known as Indus Valley Civilization The Discoverers of Indus Valley Civilization: Alexander Cunningham – He was the first Director-General of ASI. He Began excavations around mid nineteenth century. John Marshall – He was the DG of ASI in 1927 and first professional Archaeologist of India.But he excated horizontlly and all finds were grouped together even when they were found at different stratigraphic layers. This caused loss of very valuable information regarding. R.E.M. Wheeler – He followed the stratigraphy of excavations rather than just excavating horizontally. Basic features of Indus Valley Civilization: The Indus Valley civilization is the first known Urban Culture in India. Majority of the sites developed on the banks of river Indus, Ghaggar and its tributaries. This civilisation is credited for building cities compl...