Indus Valley Civilization – History Study Material & Notes

Before we begin, Remember: Harappan Civilization is also known as Indus Valley Civilization

The Discoverers of Indus Valley Civilization:

• Alexander Cunningham – He was the first Director-General of ASI. He Began excavations around mid nineteenth century.
• John Marshall – He was the DG of ASI in 1927 and first professional Archaeologist of India.But he excated horizontlly and all finds were grouped together even when they were found at different stratigraphic layers. This caused loss of very valuable information regarding.
• R.E.M. Wheeler – He followed the stratigraphy of excavations rather than just excavating horizontally.

Basic features of Indus Valley Civilization:

• The Indus Valley civilization is the first known Urban Culture in India.
• Majority of the sites developed on the banks of river Indus, Ghaggar and its tributaries.
• This civilisation is credited for building cities complete with : town planning, sanitation, drainage system and broad well-laid roads.